Water Quality Five - Parameter Basics and the FT - LSZ05 Water Monitoring Station

The five water quality parameters usually refer to the pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, temperature, and turbidity. These are five important indicators that reflect the basic condition of water quality.

The pH value is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of water. The range of the pH value is from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, less than 7 indicates acidity, and greater than 7 indicates alkalinity. Different aquatic organisms have different suitable pH value ranges. For example, most freshwater fish are suitable to live in water with a pH value between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH value also affects the existence form and toxicity of chemical substances in water. Under acidic conditions, for instance, the solubility of heavy metal ions increases, which may cause greater harm to organisms.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the molecular oxygen dissolved in water. The content of dissolved oxygen in water is very important for the survival of aquatic organisms. Most aquatic organisms require a certain concentration of dissolved oxygen for respiration. Generally, clean surface water has a relatively high dissolved oxygen content and can be close to a saturated state, while the dissolved oxygen content in polluted water bodies may decrease. For example, when there is a large amount of organic matter in water, microorganisms will consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter, leading to water hypoxia and affecting the survival of aquatic organisms.

Conductivity is used to measure the ability of water to conduct an electric current, and it reflects the total concentration of various ions in water. The magnitude of conductivity is related to the content of electrolytes such as salts and minerals dissolved in water. Generally, the conductivity of natural water bodies is between several tens and several hundreds of microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm). If the water body is polluted by industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, etc., the conductivity may increase significantly because these wastewaters usually contain a large number of various ions.

Temperature is a basic physical parameter that has an important impact on water quality and aquatic organisms. The water temperature will affect the content of dissolved oxygen in water. As the water temperature rises, the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases. At the same time, the water temperature also affects the physiological processes of aquatic organisms such as metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction. Different species of aquatic organisms have different suitable temperature ranges. For example, cold-water fish are suitable to live in an environment with a lower water temperature, while warm-water fish are adapted to a higher water temperature. The change of water temperature will also affect the rates of chemical and biochemical reactions in water.

Turbidity represents the turbidity degree of water, which is mainly caused by the presence of suspended particles, colloidal substances, etc. in water. A water body with high turbidity looks relatively turbid and has a low transparency. The magnitude of turbidity will affect the optical properties of water, thus affecting the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. Turbidity also has a certain correlation with the content of microorganisms and organic matter in water. A water body with high turbidity may be more likely to breed bacteria and other microorganisms.

The FT-LSZ05 Water monitoring station, with high-precision water quality sensors at its core, can accurately measure multiple key indicators including the five water quality parameters, providing reliable data for water quality monitoring. It uses a low-power collector with a small static power consumption. Coupled with the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function for solar charging management, it can operate stably for a long time even when powered by solar energy.

This monitoring station comes with standard GPRS networking as well as supports multiple extended transmission methods such as Bluetooth and wired connections, which can meet the data transmission requirements in different scenarios.

The sensors can be expanded, and other sensors can be flexibly added through the modbus485 interface. When the monitored data exceeds the limit, it can promptly notify relevant personnel through SMS alarms. It uses an ABS material protective box that is corrosion-resistant, oxidation-resistant, and has a waterproof rating of IP66, adapting to harsh outdoor environments.

The installation does not require wiring or building a station house, which is convenient and has a low cost. The system has a high degree of integration and can obtain both water quality and meteorological data simultaneously. The supporting CS architecture software platform has rich functions and supports observation via mobile phones and PC browsers. It has multiple functions such as multi-account device login, data display, storage, alarm, analysis, and forwarding, which is convenient for users to manage and analyze data.