Integrated Solutions for Effective Slope Monitoring

In the past, due to weak safety monitoring technology and lack of comprehensive consideration of protective measures, serious economic losses and negative social impacts were caused, and even traffic was interrupted. The state and local governments have incorporated slope management into the scope of safety supervision. For example, the "Interim Provisions on Slope Management of Open-pit Coal Mines" requires the implementation of corresponding responsibilities and supervision and inspection for slope management work. This is to ensure the safety and stability of engineering construction, prevent disasters such as landslides and collapses caused by slope instability, protect the lives and property of surrounding residents, and ensure the normal operation of transportation and other infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor high slopes.

I. Monitoring Standards

It is implemented in accordance with relevant standards such as "Code for Engineering Survey" GB 50026 - 2007, "Code for Design of Building Foundation" GB 50007, "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Monitoring" YS5229 - 96, "Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering" GB 50330 - 2013, "Design Code for Highway Landslide Prevention" JTG T3334 - 2018, and "Monitoring Code for Collapse, Landslide and Debris Flow" DZ/T 0221 - 2006. The monitoring frequency of all monitoring items shall be increased as appropriate during the flood season, and the seepage and inspection must be intensified. The slope safety monitoring level is determined comprehensively based on the absolute value of monitoring results, relative rate and acceleration, slope safety level, engineering analogy experience value, geological conditions, environmental quantity and calculation results. And after certain conditions are met according to the actual situation on site, the slope safety monitoring level can be increased or decreased. The monitoring frequency of special monitoring is set according to the actual situation and generally matches the slope construction method. After the fifth-level slope has withstood the test of 4 - 5 rainy seasons, the monitoring frequency can be adjusted to 1 - 2 times per two quarters.

II. Monitoring Structure

Surface Displacement Monitoring: The Beidou/GNSS monitoring receiver is used as the monitoring reference point, and the Beidou/GNSS monitoring sensor is installed at the moving point. It is designed based on the concept of high integration, low power consumption, intelligence, easy deployment and easy operation and maintenance. Using the post-processing high-precision positioning differential algorithm, it has good environmental adaptability and data stability and can accurately monitor the displacement of the slope surface.

Deep Displacement Monitoring: The inclinometer is used to monitor the deep horizontal displacement inside the slope support structure. The overall deformation of the support structure is comprehensively monitored by the automatic inclinometer robot. The measured data is integrated to form a complete deformation trend curve, providing an in-depth understanding of the internal deformation of the slope.

Water Level Monitoring: The water level gauge is used to monitor the underground water level inside and outside the slope in real time, enabling timely understanding of the underground water level near the structure, effectively preventing potential structural safety hazards caused by groundwater and ensuring the stability of the slope.

Pore Water Pressure Monitoring: The pore water pressure monitor is used for the measurement of deep foundation water pressure in projects such as dam online monitoring, tailings pond monitoring, tunnel monitoring, subgrade and slope monitoring. It has a good monitoring effect on pore water pressure or seepage pressure and helps to evaluate the mechanical state inside the slope.

Rainfall Monitoring: The precipitation monitor uses a high-precision capacitive grating displacement sensor. The water inlet and drainage are controlled by the upper and lower electric valves to ensure the accuracy of the calculation process, which is suitable for long-term monitoring. It is mainly used in various environmental monitoring occasions such as slope monitoring, mine monitoring and water conservancy projects, providing rainfall data reference for slope stability analysis.

Monitoring and Power Supply System: A convenient, fast and stable installation method is selected according to the actual site situation. Priority is given to using nearby electricity, and solar power supply can also be adopted to ensure the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system and the continuity of the monitoring work.

Cloud Platform Monitoring, Analysis and Statistics: The homepage of the entire system can intuitively display the basic information of the structure, such as geographical location (GIS topology), structural health status, structure alarms, etc. The data is presented in a more understandable form of monitoring results, making it convenient for users to understand whether the slope is safe and whether there are alarms, making the monitoring more user-friendly. The data analysis and statistics function can view the monitoring data charts of all sensors at the monitoring point for any period, facilitating in-depth analysis and processing of the monitoring data and providing strong support for the safety assessment and decision-making of the slope.